Bar Codes Faxing Improve Business Document Workflow

Writen by Chris Norwood

Reliably integrating important electronic and paper documents received by fax such as invoices, expense reports, purchase orders, employment applications, claims and legal contracts into the daily business workflow is a common challenge. These documents are critical to many revenue related business processes and yet they are commonly misplaced, lost or misfiled in a never-ending row of filing cabinets.

In addition, the reproduction of these paper documents decrease productivity and increase daily soft costs such as manual labor burden, fax retransmission, paper, toner, and printer wear and tear.

Incorporating bar code faxing into an organization will improve the business document workflow and mission critical data access to the following departments in your organization:

• Human Resource Departments
• Accounts Payable
• Accounts Receivables
• Sales
• Marketing
• Legal Departments
• Production
• Manufacturing

Bar code faxing will also help eliminate the need to purchase or develop special forms applications and processing procedures, minimize lost documents and help with any eDocument initiatives your organization may have.

What is bar code faxing?

Bar code faxing is a computer based fax methodology in which commonly faxed documents are given bar codes for identification, routing, metadata and indexing purposes. Bar code faxing is simple to implement, reliable and depending on the bar code symbology used, very secure. Bar code symbologies used in bar code faxing include 1D and 2D bar codes, most commonly referred to as Code 39, Code 128, PDF417 and DataMatrix. Code 39 and 128 are the most inexpensive and easiest to implement because applications like Microsoft Word support bar code fonts. Code 39 and 128 fonts are readily available on the internet free of charge. PDF417 and DataMatrix bar codes can hold larger amounts of data, support Check Sum and various types of encryption. In some cases, implementation of these PDF417 or DataMatrix is more expensive due to proprietary application requirements.

Bar code faxing can be accomplished with the actual document itself or with a bar code fax cover page. The bar code is computer generated and added to the actual document/cover page. Another method of adding a bar code is with a hand held bar code printer or bar code label maker. The bar code can be placed and easily identified in the one of the four corners of the document. It is recommended to use slightly larger font sizes when using bar code faxing because fax documents shrink slightly during actual fax transmission. The use of intelligent fax hardware minimizes the shrinking and provides the highest quality fax images. Information captured in a bar code will vary depending on the document type. For invoices the bar code may contain the invoice number, customer name, and account number. It may also contain the name of the department it is being routed. For expense reports the bar code may contain the employee ID number, month of report, total amount due etc. Employment applications may contain phone number, social security number, position applying. The information that can be contained within a bar code is unlimited.

Once the fax with the bar code is received, the fax server software has the ability to read the bar code and extract the information or metadata. This metadata is then used to a) Identify, b) Route, c) Store & Deliver and d) Retrieve documents efficiently and effectively.

Summary

The use of bar code faxing isn't new by any means. In the past several years however it has gained traction and acceptance in the fax server, scanning, document management, content management and imaging industries due to the introduction of the multi-function devices (scanner, fax, printer, copier), better imaging technologies, more robust computers, operating systems, intelligent fax boards and the need to resolve compliance and regulatory issues.

TargetFax Document Imaging - Chris Norwood has been in this industry for over 13 years and is currently the Business Development Manager for One Touch Global Technologies. One Touch Global Technologies is a Platinum Solution Provider, Specialized Software Developer and Systems Integrator for several of the leading fax server and document management technologies on the market. Chris may be reached directly at cnorwood@otgt.com http://www.targetfax.com

Cd Label Printers

Writen by Jimmy Sturo

A CD label printer allows you to produce good-looking discs. High-quality CD label printers offer vibrant colors and high resolution. To produce a large number of good-looking discs, automated CD label printers can be used. Many models are available on the market. You can choose one according to your requirements. They are not very expensive and the maintenance costs are not high. Some manufacturers or sellers not only provide a warranty on their product, but also give customers an option to return it within 30 days if they don't like it.

Generally, these printers are used by disc-makers. The quality of a CD label printer depends on the technology it uses to print. There are two types of technologies used by CD label printers: inkjet and thermal. Both of them have seen a marked improvement in terms of allowing better disc alignment, better resolution and less drying time.

Though there are a number of affordable models available on the market, some of the best CD label printers could cost you more than a thousand dollars. If you have to produce a large number of discs then an expensive model would be a good choice. A small business firm or a household could go for a less expensive model. There are secondhand CD label printers available on the market, online as well as offline. Sometimes one can find a good bargain on an auction site.

Most of the big companies produce CD label printers. There are a number of small players in the market also. Before choosing a CD label printer, one should be sure about one's requirements, the performance of the model one is planning to buy, and the track record of the company regarding after-sale service.

CD Printers provides detailed information on CD Printers, CD Label Printers, CD Cover Printers, CD Ink Jet Printers and more. CD Printers is affiliated with CD Replication Companies.

Color Label Prints

Writen by Jimmy Sturo

Color label printers are one of the latest and most popular advancements in label printing. Today, businesses are using labels to advertise their brand name. Labels can contain photos, graphics, colorful text, illustrations and attractively placed barcodes.

Color label printers make logistics management easier as the labels can be color-coded or designed to suit a particular product. Each label can be coded with a different color by product, location, destination, size, sell-by-date, WIP, private label, mailing, data codes, order references, lot numbers and other categories. This makes product differentiation easier.

Color label printers not only make labels more attractive but also come with several options like: multiple print resolutions, compatibility with Windows or Mac software, ability to read different kinds of fonts, texts and even graphics, word-wrap and shrink-to-fit capabilities for printing any size and kind of font, color coding for different kinds of labels and more. They also have long-term memory storage, intelligent sensors, barcode printing ability, rich vibrant colors of around 600x600 dpi or more (as much as 4800 x 1200 dpi), flexible media sizes and types, ability to print on various kinds of materials like fabric, gloss, semi-gloss, clear and synthetic tags, flexible label widths ranging and web-enabled email support. They are durable, suitable for all kinds of environments, from an office desktop to an industrial location. They can print any number of labels from tens to several thousands per day. Other features include indicator lights, easy controls like pause, stop/cancel and feed, label design software and variable print speeds.

There are hundreds of color label printers available. The minimum requirements are Pentium® III computer or better, 128MB RAM, 500MB free hard drive space, USB 1.1/2.0 port, Windows XP/2000 operating system, 100-240VAC, and 50/60 Hz, 60 watts power. These however differ based on the model. The prices of color label printers may be as high as $2000 or more, depending on the features.

Label Printers provides detailed information on Label Printers, Bar Code Label Printers, Color Label Prints, CD Label Printers and more. Label Printers is affiliated with Record Labels.

Build Your Own Computer Why You Should Do It Now

Writen by Michael Quarles

I'm writing this article for those people sitting on the fence. Those asking themselves, "Should I try building a computer?"

Look at it this way. Computers are made of only eleven major parts, all of which either snap together, or plug-in. If you think you can connect just eleven items, then you can build a computer. I'm willing to argue that it's tougher to put together a bicycle at Christmas than it is to build a computer.

You'll need a couple of screwdrivers, one flat, the other a Phillips. That is the entire toolkit. So, there will be no special equipment to purchase. Most households already have plenty of screwdrivers.

And what will you be able to build? Exactly the machine you want. You won't have to settle for a PC with less of a graphics card than you desired, or a smaller hard drive. You'll be freed from the standards imposed by manufacturers. The machine will have every item you want, just as you want it.

Another benefit is the knowledge you gain. I can guarantee than after you build a computer, you'll never worry about the little tricks they play again. You will be the master of the machine, not the other way around.

You may be asking yourself, "Where will I find the parts I need to build it with?"

My answer is: the same place you found this article. Right here on the internet. Do a web search for "computer parts" and just see how many suppliers there are out there. If you prefer going to a store, many of the places you'll find in your web search have walk-in locations, as well as in cyberspace.

If you're worried about exactly how those eleven major parts fit together, there are a great many books on the subject. I've written one, and so have other people, and most all provide good basic instructions. Get one of fairly recent vintage, with lots of photos. Free excerpts from my book "Building a PC for Beginners" can be read at www.monkeyseemonkeydobooks.com

Mr. Quarles is the publisher of Monkey See Monkey Do Books

Ups Batteries Could Be A Lifesaver

Writen by Joseph Then

The UPS Battery could be a lifesaver for some companies, just by giving people time to safely shut down their computer. These batteries are something like a surge protector but better.

It is a strip that you would plug your computer and its components into just like a surge protector, but the difference is that it has a series of batteries in it so that you would have the time to save your self a lot of hassle if the power would suddenly go out from a storm for accident.

If you would get the correct size then you would even have enough time not just to save your material that you were working on before but even enough power for you to do a shutdown safely.

You would have to watch because there is a lot of different sizes and kinds out there for you to choose from so go and ask just what would be the best one for the setup that you have. This way there is a less chance that you would get the wrong one that does not do the job that you need done.

Think of the hassle that you could save yourself buy having a UPS Battery installed for your computer. Imagine that you are working a project that is due the next day and you forgot to save all the work that you have typed in all day and you were almost done. But then all of the sudden the power went out from a thunderstorm outside, and that is when you suddenly realize that you never saved any of the work.

I bet that you would not be a very happy person would you? We all have done that at one time or another but with the USP battery you would have still had enough time to save all that hard work that you did all day plus do a soft shut down. In all actuality this battery is not a bad idea for most of us to have because it could save us a lot of late nights and frustration of trying to get things done because of loosing everything that we all work so hard on all day long.

Want to know more about UPS batteries? Check it out at: http://www.rechargable-nimh-batteries.info

Dvd Printers

Writen by Damian Sofsian

A DVD printer is a device that permits you to print images directly on a DVD, to give the DVD a professional look. The printer prints on inkjet-printable DVDs and CDs. DVD printers generally can be used to print on CDs and are called CD/DVD printers.

DVD printers can be used to personalize your DVDs with your own text, graphics, and photos; you can actually use it to make excellent personalized gifts for your loved ones. For those who don't know how to use a DVD printer, the DVD printer works with a computer. The printers are Windows and Mac compatible, thus making it convenient to use with most computers. The DVD printer has to be connected either through a USB port or have a parallel connection with the computer. Most DVD printers have a six-color ink system composed of individual ink cartridges that help to produce colorful DVDs. Upon connecting the DVD printer to the computer, with the help of the provided software, one can create eye-catching images and photos to be printed on the DVDs. Not only that, the printer is programmed by the computer to produce border free-printing, thus ensuring a neat piece of art on the DVD.

There are two types of DVD printers available on the market; they are the thermal DVD printer and the inkjet DVD printer. The thermal DVD printer is more expensive but produces a durable finish to the DVD, just like the silk-screened DVDs. The inkjet DVD printer is less expensive but produces high-resolution print on the DVDs. However, DVDs printed on inkjet printers are generally less scratch and water resistant. DVD printers are also divided into manually operated and automatic models. The manually operated DVD printer is better if printing is meant to be only on a few DVDs at a time, maybe tens to hundreds. If the printing is in the thousands, then it is better to use an automatic DVD printer.

DVD Printers provides detailed information on DVD Printers, CD DVD Printers, Inkjet DVD Printers, Thermal DVD Printers and more. DVD Printers is affiliated with DVD Burner Software.

Where Does Technology Come From

Writen by Lance Winslow

Ever wonder where all the cool gadgets come from? Ever wonder who gets to try this stuff out first? Usually the war machine scientists get it first, try it out and find an application by using it for destruction; an obvious outlet for the human species and our desire to blow things up. It then moves into the private sector for important projects like, Microwave Ovens, Nuclear Energy, aviation space travel, telecommunications, Internet (which of course Al gore created first?), even Hummers, the ultimate SUV was created to cruise troops around in, Helicopters, hydrofoils, you name it man it came from military first.

But now we are seeing things move so fast that the general population will be getting the new technologies in some way or another within a few years from discovery and proving of concept. Many things are now being created in private sector and the military is finding great applications for them such as the palm computer technology for Navy Seal Teams, cell phone telemetry tracking. What about the private sector protecting their rights to these advances? Patents? Who cares, by the time you get the thing filed everyone has it, four of your former employees brought it to your competitors, your key vendors sold it or partnered with another company to make it. By this time it is already on the shelves for you and I. The company with the marketing channels and fastest rollout gets the cake, but does not have time to eat it. Remember in the new age the fast eat the slow. The game never stops and people and companies enter and exit the field of their choice at will. With the Internet as a distribution channel a new wiget can be to market in months and delivered in 8-12 hours by Fed Ex if the company has their manufacturing at or near a regional hub. The World is changing and we maybe getting many of these new technologies a lot faster than before. Think about it.

Lance Winslow

Technology Time Sharing The Politics Of Allocating Resources

Writen by Lance Winslow

Today we have Super Computers, which are truly incredible indeed and we can use these Super Computers to do all sorts of things. Currently we have computers, which can do tens of trillions of calculations per second and they are great for figuring out things like the weather with massive amounts of data sets from many different sources.

These computers can also be used to track down criminals, by scanning the Internet or databases. These computers can be used for doing genetic manipulation research to prevent disease and problems in the human body. Unfortunately, we do not have enough of these supercomputers yet and therefore different groups must share the technology.

One problem we have with technology Time-sharing for supercomputers is that there are politics involved in the allocating of resources. A cure for cancer is indeed a very important allocation of such resources, but so is an approaching hurricane at the same time or perhaps we are trying to track sneaky bad guys or international terrorists.

You can see how the politics of allocating supercomputer resources can be very important and perhaps you can also see the problems involved. In fact there are so many uses for number crunching such as a NASA space program or figuring out a difficult mathematical problem that there is a lot a competition.

It is important to prioritize what is the most compelling need of the technology and of course those computers should be used for that first. If our nation is at war the supercomputers can come in handy for many things indeed.

However, we should not forget that the forward progression of the human species and science is also important although perhaps not as pressing at the very moment that the military needs the computers. Perhaps you might consider all this in 2006 and join me in promoting the purchase of more supercomputers.

Lance Winslow, a retired entrepreneur, adventurer, modern day philosopher and perpetual tourist.

Computer Work Postures And Injury The Stress Of Reaching For The Mouse A Doctors Perspective

Writen by Dr. Steve Jones

As we spend increasing amounts of time at our computer workstations, we need to be aware of how the design and arrangement of our equipment can impact our chances of injury. Computer ergonomics is the study and / or implementation of work station design with the purpose of reducing or eliminating physical stress.

My interest in repetitive stress syndromes began approximately 10 years ago when my practice started seeing a much greater number of people suffering from the effects of computer work. Despite all of my training and continuing education related to these types of injuries, I quickly realized that short of surgery and radical changes in the patient's lifestyles, treatment for this type of injury was marginally successful at best.

The real solution had to be prevention and it was going to involve the application of basic ergonomic principals. This article will address the specifics of injury resulting from postural stress secondary to use of the computer mouse.

Specifically, the following will be addressed:

1) What repetitive stress injuries are

2) What role do work station ergonomics play in injury

3) How reaching for the mouse sets the stage for injury

4) What are the symptoms of repetitive stress injury

5) How one can avoid mouse reaching injuries

What Exactly is a Repetitive Stress Injury?

Repetitive Stress Injury is a kind of catch all phrase for many conditions. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tenosynovitis / DeQuervain's Syndrome, Tendonitis, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Trigger Finger, Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Chronic Sprain / Strain are some of the actual diagnosis that are rendered in my office. All of these conditions are serious and in many cases can cause great pain, permanent disability and sometimes loss of employment.

Repetitive Stress Injuries occur from repetitive movements involving a specific set of muscles and joints. RSI injuries are the result of an accumulation of stress and strain that causes irritation, inflammation, and eventually pain or other disability.

A good analogy used to characterize the onset of RSI would be the "straws on the camels back" saying.

Initially, RSI affects the soft tissues of the involved joint(s). Soft tissues include muscles, nerves, ligaments and tendons. However, if left untreated for long periods of time, the involved joint can become arthritic and form bone spurs resulting in permanent damage to the joint.

While various occupations ranging from meat cutters to construction workers develop RSIs that result from the typical duties of their professions, the most frequent cause of these injuries involve computer work. The constant demand of keyboarding and mousing combined with the postural stress of confinement in an office chair with one's neck and back held in prolonged fixed positions has resulted in an epidemic of injuries that includes hand pain, wrist pain, arm pain, neck pain, back pain and shoulder pain.

Work Station Ergonomics

The study of workstation ergonomics tells us that the objects that are used most often should be located closest to your body and accessed easily, without awkward body positions. Repeated reaching or prolonged postures that involve leaning forward from your chair are particularly stressful and fatiguing.

Many people are aware of computer ergonomics and thus have an ergonomic mouse. An ergonomic mouse is of little use if it is positioned in an area that requires reaching and stretching in order to operate it. Limiting reaching and stretching for desk items is essential to maintaining a healthy ergonomic environment.

The most frequent complaint that I have seen in my office is due to computer work is the combination of mousing and its' inherent postural stress.

Most computer stations are designed in a way that involves the worker operating the computer mouse on a pad on the desk. Reaching to the desk for the mouse places direct stress on the joints and soft tissues of the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Additionally, reaching forward for the mouse stresses the lower and middle back.

So How Does Reaching for the Mouse Set the Stage for Injury? Reaching for the mouse causes you to lean forward in your chair, extend your arm and support the weight of your body through your extended arm. The following section will discuss the particulars of each of these positions.

The stresses placed on the human frame when reaching for the mouse are easily explained. Contrary to popular belief, sitting, which most people believe is relaxing, is hard on the back. Sitting for long periods of time can cause increased pressure on the intervertebral discs of the spine.

In recent years, ergonomisist have told us that proper sitting posture would have us sitting upright with our hips flexed at 90 degrees. As it turns out, the most up to date studies show that a slightly reclined sitting posture with the hips flexed at 100 to 115 degrees is ideal if you have to sit at a desk. If your mouse is not positioned close enough to your body, you will have to reach for it. Reaching for your mouse stresses your back by reducing the angle of your hips.

Next, we have to look at the effects of reaching on the neck and shoulder. When the mouse is being operated at a distance that makes the operator reach, the shoulder extends forward and the shoulder blade abducts (rotates forward). This position stretches the muscle groups that connect the medial portion of your shoulder blade to your spine and the superior portion of your shoulder blade to your neck.

In the short term, this stretch aggravates the affected muscle groups causing spasm, fatigue, headaches and stiffness in the neck and shoulder. In the long term, this position creates a condition called a "stretch weakness" resulting in muscular imbalance, trigger points and chronic variations of the conditions listed in the prior sentence.

Lastly, placing the mouse too far away, too low, or too much on one side can cause shoulder, wrist, elbow, and forearm discomfort. When the operator is forced to reach for the mouse, his / her body weight shifts forward and ultimately results in weight bearing stress on the extended arm. Spending prolonged periods of time leaning on an extended arm is an unnatural and destructive posture that will eventually lead to the development of a repetitive stress syndrome; likely resulting disorders would include tendonitis of the wrist, elbow or shoulder.

What are the Common Symptoms?

• Tightness, discomfort, stiffness, soreness or burning in the hands, wrists, fingers, forearms, or elbows

• Tingling, coldness, night pain or numbness in the hands, especially around the base of the thumb

• Clumsiness or loss of strength in the hands

• Pain in the neck, shoulders, wrists, hands or back that is associated with using the computer

How Can You Avoid Injuries Related to Reaching for the Mouse?

The following recommendations are applicable to both home office ergonomics as well as ergonomics in the office.

1) Placing the input device directly in your immediate reach zone offers natural comfort and maximum hand-eye coordination. The use of a platform for the mouse is preferable. Some models of mouse platforms attach directly to your chair.

2) Your chair should have arm rests that are adjustable.

3) Your wrist should be either in a neutral position or flexed slightly downward when operating both your mouse and your keyboard. For this reason, if you select a mouse platform that attaches to your chair, adjustability of the platform is of primary importance.

4) Consider using a high quality office chair with adjustable armrests and lumbar supports. It should also allow some degree of recline.

5) Make sure that the upper arm and elbow are as close to the body and as relaxed as possible for mouse use - avoid overreaching.

6) Hold the mouse lightly, don't grip it hard or squeeze it. Place the pointing device where you don't have to reach up or over very far to use it. The closer you can place it to your body the better.

Author: Dr. Steven R. Jones DC (Steve), is a licensed Chiropractor in the state of California. Dr. Jones completed his pre-med education at California State University Hayward. He finished his doctorate work at Palmer College of Chiropractic-West. Dr. Jones has treated his patience for 15 years at his own practice http://www.jonespainrelief.com ==>Jones Chiropractic Clinic. He holds a U.S. Patent on the ergonomic device, the "Ergo Nav, the only fully adjustable mouse platform on the market.

Pc Purchases Why Bundled Hardware Components Make Sense For Your Clients

Writen by Joshua Feinberg

Getting various hardware components factory-installed with PC purchases, like CD-RW drives and network cards, can save your clients on initial purchase and installation costs.

At first, it may seem counterintuitive to recommend this strategy of PC purchases to your clients, since doing so takes a service revenue opportunity away from your firm.

Aim Big

However, progressive-thinking computer consultants are always working on the next big solution provider opportunity. These consultants aren't worried about missing out on some low-margin $49 component of PC purchases. They have their eye on the $10,000 network upgrade or the $25,000 application development project.

Let the PC vendors include these bundled hardware components for peanuts. Bundled hardware components make sense for your clients' technology budgets, while it frees up your firm to concentrate on opportunities to add real, high-level value as a true computer consultant - not just a hardware technician.

Show Your Clients You Care

Forgoing this revenue also shows your clients that you're willing to do the right thing for them, even if it means losing out on some billable hours. This forward-thinking approach drives incredible amounts of client loyalty.

Most clients aren't dumb - they recognize integrity (and reward it by recommending your firm to all of their friends.) You can't beat that form of advertising.

Copyright MMI-MMVI, Small Business Computer Consulting .com. All Worldwide Rights Reserved. {Attention Publishers: Live hyperlink in author resource box required for copyright compliance}

Joshua Feinberg has helped thousands of small business computer consulting firms get more steady, high-paying clients. Now you can too. Sign-up now for your free access a one-hour audio training program featuring field-tested, proven Small Business Computer Consulting Secrets.

Computer Memory And The Future

Writen by Michael Russell

Remember when PCs first came out and you had 4K of RAM? Then the Atari 1600 came out with 16K of RAM. The price tag on that thing was astronomical.

We have come a long way from those early days. Today your standard PC has 32 bit processors and a minimum of 128 meg of RAM and even that amount will barely run anything.

Windows XP recommends that you run the operating system with a minimum of 64 meg. Anyone who has tried to run Windows XP on 64 meg of RAM knows that the PC itself runs at a snails pace. You can actually follow the redraw rate on your windows applications as they open up. Painful doesn't even begin to describe it.

Given that fact, when you then take the recommendations for running Windows Vista with 512 meg of RAM one can only imagine what the actual requirements will be to run the system anywhere near what would be acceptable. We're probably talking about somewhere in the area of 1 gig. Maybe even 2 or 4 gig depending on how heavy your applications are. That is simply a mind boggling amount of memory when you go back as recently as the late 1990s when your highest end network systems didn't need more than 256 meg of RAM.

While 64 bit processors are slow to hit the ground running, eventually they will be a requirement as 32 bit processors simply won't be able to do the job anymore because 32 bit processors can't address more than 4 gig of RAM. As a matter of fact the current Intel Pentium 4 (EM64T) and AMD Athlon 64 (AMD64) desktop computer processors can handle 1024GB (1 Terabyte) of memory. You read correctly; 1 Terabyte. It won't be long before software manufacturers take advantage of all that power.

Looking at today's games it is painfully clear that only 1 gig memory just isn't going to cut it. In most high end games there is a 20% increase in frames per second just going from 1 gig to 2 gig of system memory.

The experts all agree that with the rapid progress in technology both on the hardware and software end the period in time where computer memory requirements stabilize will most likely never come to pass until we have physically reached the point where we can no longer count that high. Eventually there is only so much bologna that we'll be able to stuff into that 5 pound bag. So it is not inconceivable that in the near future, possibly as near as the next 4 or 5 years, a typical system memory requirement will look something like this.

Windows 3000. Minimum memory to run operating system, 10 gig. Memory to run Windows Work Suite XXXP, 50 gig. If running simultaneous triple bilateral supercharged processors suggested memory is 100 gig.

While the above dramatization may sound quite amusing and even a little absurd, it's really not as far out of the realm of possibility as it sounds. If you have any doubts then I suggest you dig your Atari 1600 out of the closet.

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Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Computer Memory
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Rack Mount Servers

Writen by Alison Cole

Before throwing light on the topic of rack mount servers, one should have a clear idea what it is--a device on a computer, or on a particular network, that is used to manage network resources. Rack mount servers are systems in a modern server used for mounting various kinds and sizes of electronic modules. If someone needs to set or pack a number of personal computers into a much smaller space, rack mount servers are ideal.

Rack mount servers are commonly used across different parts of the world for a number of purposes. These can be found wherever there is an application of computers used for a broader application, starting from the world of video editing suites, computer animations and other three-dimensional works. These rack mounts are also used through the installations of ISPs, in the fields of telecom and other types of communication, and various database houses. These rack mount servers are designed to fit into an open PC or in a closed cabinet. The advantage of using and implementing such a rack mount server is that these things are really useful if someone wants to save space. A rack mount server's space-saving design enables a user to maximize the space available.

The role of a rock mount server is quite vital, as the setting of the hardware equipment into a designed cabinet paves the way to protect them from the external factors. Using the rack mount server makes it easier to protect equipment from climate and also to attain the best cable management.

These rack mount servers are available in various sizes depending on their height and configurations. The usual sizes are 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U, 5U, 6U, and 7U, as per the definition of the Electronic Industries Association (EIA).

Rack Mount Servers provides detailed information on Rack Mount Servers, Rack Mount Server Cases, 1U Rack Mount Servers, 2U Rack Mount Servers and more. Rack Mount Servers is affiliated with Rackmount Computer Monitors .

Throw Away The Fax Machine A Guide To Online Fax

Writen by Kimble Young

Have you ever felt like throwing the fax machine out the window? Well you may not know it but you can, but not literally please.

There have been services available for some time which allow you to take your fax needs online and save yourself the hassle of wrestling with the fax machine.

Any provider should be able to supply you with a basic fax-to-email service. You are usually assigned your own fax number and any faxes sent to this number are then attached as an image file to an email. That is then delivered to your email account. You will need to keep your fax machine for sending faxes but you can set it to not answer the phone and keep it on your main business line.

Most but not all fax services also provide a facility to send faxes by email, web or straight from the desktop. This feature can be utilised to send invoices or forms to customers without first needing print and then fax the document. Fax-to-email allows you to compose an email to faxnumber@provider.com and attach each document you want to be faxed. You are then notified by email when your fax is complete.

Traditionally to enable your business to fax has meant ordering a separate phone line and number and purchasing a fax machine or fax software for each user. Which is an expensive proposition for a communications channel that is still essential but often rarely used these days. With online fax services these costs are all rolled in to a single monthly fee which is paid to your fax provider. Often this fee is just a fraction of the cost of phone line rental alone. Add the savings in paper and ink and using an online fax service starts to make a lot of sense.

If your customers fax through a lot of forms that you need to process and archive you'll know how tedious it can be to flick through a whole binder just to find a specific fax. With an online fax service your fax correspondence can be filed along with all your electronic correspondence.

Points to consider when choosing a provider:

• Do you receive your own dedicated number? Some virtual office providers for example will place you on a shared number and your faxes may be seen by anyone.
• File formats: Make sure the provider can email you in a format that suits you. Most will send in a common format like PDF but others may use obscure formats that require special software to read.
• Do they have a method of sending faxes that suits you? Some will offer you a choice of methods; ranging from basic email-to-fax through to desktop clients which will allow you to "print" directly to a fax.
• Is there an area code that will be local for your customers? Even if you are a regional business you may want to consider a metropolitan fax number if your customers are located there. Remember, you now have the choice.

There are some things to be aware of when switching over to online fax:

The first is that a fax machine makes a copy of a piece of paper and that online faxing makes a copy of an electronic document. You'll no longer be able to rapidly scribble out a note and fax it anymore. However, you can just as rapidly send a quick memo by email-to-fax or through a fax printer. Filling out a form that has been faxed to you is no longer simple but it can be done by opening the fax in an image editing program and typing with the text tool.

The second caveat is that you may be used to signing almost every fax you send, this is no longer possible as there is no paper stage. The author recommends that if you have access to a scanner you can scan your signature and save it as a black and white image ready to be inserted at the footer of every document you type up.

All in all if you or your staff don't use the fax machine much, or use it for a lot of repetitive work, then faxing online can save you a lot of money in ink, paper, communications costs and most importantly - productivity. If you can't give up the routine of walking up to the fax machine with a piece of paper then you might still consider online faxing; but only to receive your faxes. Remember to turn off the auto answer feature of your fax machine.

Kimble Young is the product development manager for Fax Online an Australian online fax services provider. He has many years experience in the communications and Internet industries.

http://www.faxonline.com.au/

Some Important Things To Look For In A Hard Drive

Writen by Cedric Dirose

There are many components that make a computer run, but the hard drive is of course one of the most important. If the hard drive fails, the computer will quickly become unusable, so it is important to choose this vital component with care, and to shop around for it carefully.

Of course the computer will come with a hard drive already installed, but in many cases the size of this drive will not be sufficient. As more and more of us download music, movies and photographs to our personal computers, the need for storage space has increased exponentially, creating a need for bigger and bigger hard drives.

Fortunately, as the need for storage space has increased, the price of that storage space has been steadily decreasing. When personal computers first hit the market, the cost of storage space was one of the biggest stumbling blocks, and in many cases it simply was not possible to build an affordable machine that would also be able to store large amounts of information.

As technology has increased, however, the prices of this storage have dropped dramatically, and many of those thumb drives we carry around these days have a greater storage capacity than some of the earliest hard drives. What this means to you as a hard drive shopper is that you should always buy the largest hard drive you can afford. No computer owner has ever regretted having too much storage space, but many of them have regretted not having enough.

The speed of the hard drive is another important consideration, and it is a good idea to look for the fastest hard drive you can find. The speed of the hard drive will be expressed as an average seek time reading, and this reading will be expressed in milliseconds. The lower that seek time number, the faster the hard drive will run, and it will likely be more efficient as well.

The brand name of hard drive is important as well, and many computer users have their own favorite brand of drive. It is a good idea to purchase hard drives only from established and reputable companies, since off brand drives may not be manufactured to the high quality standards of the largest manufacturers. Seagate and Western Digital are two of the largest drive manufacturers, but there are a number of other excellent brands as well.

No matter what type of drive you purchase, or where you buy it, it is important to implement some type of backup program for the valuable data the hard drive will soon hold. The backup device can be anything from a simple CD burner, to a DVD burner or even an external hard drive. The key is to backup your most important files on a regular basis in order to protect yourself from the failure of the drive or other computer components. The hard drive is the lifeblood of the personal computer, and it is important to protect it, and to back up your valuable files.

Cedric has been a technical writer of a computer magazine for over 6 years. He also has a website that helps people with their technical computer problems as well external hard drive reviews. Visit http://www.altsyssoft.com for a technical priority list on what items to look for when choosing a hard drive for your new computer.

Wireless Networks How Do They Work

Writen by Ron King

Wireless networks use radio waves instead of wires to transmit data between computers. Here's how:

The Binary Code: 1s and 0s

It's well known that computers transmit information digitally, using binary code: ones and zeros. This translates well to radio waves, since those 1s and 0s can be represented by different kinds of beeps. These beeps are so fast that they're outside the hearing range of humans.

Morse Code: Dots And Dashes

It works like Morse code, which is a way to transmit the alphabet over radio waves using dots (short beeps) and dashes (long beeps). Morse code was used manually for years via telegraph to get information from 1 place to another very quickly. More importantly for this example, though, it is a binary system, just as a computer system is.

Wireless networking, then, can be thought of as a Morse code for computers. You plug in a combined radio receiver and transmitter, and the computer is able to send out its equivalent of dots and dashes (bits, in computer-speak) to get your data from here to there.

Wavelengths And Frequencies

You might wonder how the computer can send and receive data at high speed without becoming garbled nonsense. The key to wireless networking is how it gets around this problem.

First, wireless transmissions are sent at very high frequencies, which allows more data to be sent per second. Most wireless connections use a frequency of 2.4 gigahertz (2.4 billion cycles per second) -- a frequency similar to mobile phones and microwave ovens. However, this high frequency produces a wavelength that is very short, which is why wireless networking is effective only over short distances.

Wireless networks also use a technique called "frequency hopping." They use dozens of frequencies, and constantly switch among them. This makes wireless networks more immune to interference from other radio signals than if they transmitted on a single frequency.

Internet Access Points

The final step for a wireless network is to provide internet access for every computer on the network. This is done by a special piece of wireless equipment called an access point. An access point is more expensive than a wireless card for 1 computer, because it contains radios capable of communicating with around 100 computers, sharing internet access among them. Dedicated access points are necessary only for larger networks. With only a few computers, it is possible to use 1 of them as the access point, or to use a wireless router.

Industry Standards

Wireless equipment from different manufacturers can work together to handle these complex communications because there are standards which guide the production of all wireless devices. These standards are technically called the 802.11. Because of industry compliance with these standards, wireless networking is both easy to use and affordable today.

Wireless Is Simple To Use

If all this talk of frequencies has you worried -- relax. Wireless networking hardware and software handle all of this automatically, without need for user intervention. Wireless networking, for all its complicated ability, is far simpler to use than you might expect.

Ron King is a full-time researcher, writer, and web developer. Visit Wireless Internet for more info.

Copyright 2005 Ron King. This article may be reprinted if the resource box is left intact.

Halfway Through

Writen by Leilani Junghan

The launch of Windows Vista, Microsoft's latest OS, in the last quarter of this year may change the computing landscape. One of its intriguing features called ReadyDrive requires the use of hybrid drives. Strictly speaking, this technology centaur is half hard disk drive (HDD), and half solid state disk (SSD) drive. Aiming to exploit the best of both worlds, hybrid drives consist of a rotating magnetic platter for storage, and a non-volatile flash memory chip for caching.

Vista's endorsement is exciting but it's human nature not to trust strange disk drives. The tricky part is getting users acquainted with SSDs to care enough about hybrid drives. The half of the pair presents no problem. Almost everyone is familiar with HDDs – its form factor, RPM, and storage capacity – that they're as conventional as household furniture. While people can readily identify HDDs, they have difficulty defining SSDs. This limited knowledge of SSDs may be attributed to the fact that they are distributed to the consumer market in small doses.

Flash memory-based storage devices have permeated commercial electronic stalls in the form of thumb drives, storage chips for digital cameras, MP3/MP4 players, mobile phones, and memory cards for PDA and handheld computers. It comes in all these forms but SSD still doesn't ring a bell, does it? Here's one scenario: let's say Tom buys a digital camera and is overjoyed with his 1 GB flash disk memory. He tirelessly browses the Internet for tricks and tweaks he can do with his professional 'digicam'; he combs stores for lenses, he deliberates what tripod and carry case to use. But wait, does he take time to read up on his 1 GB flash disk? At most, he will skim through a review on it, but the typical answer would be "No". As an average user, Tom is more concerned with the functionality of his digital camera than the wonder that is his 1 GB flash disk memory.

Imagine the same scene playing out with Dick's brand new mobile phone and Harry's latest PDA. If Tom, Dick, and Harry don't even bother to seek out information on their newly acquired flash disk memory, how will they ever encounter the acronym SSD? How will they learn more about this amazing technology? Surely, a lot of people are guilty of doing what Tom, Dick and Harry did.

In today's technological arena, SSDs are more commonly used as storage solutions for defense, enterprise, and other mar c

ket segments that are willing to pay a premium. These industries are exposed to high-risk environmental conditions and have significant storage speed, reliability and endurance demands. As such, it is easily ignored by the consumer electronics industry whose users are happy just to get the computer work on applications such as word processing, spreadsheets and Internet surfing.

The induction of hybrid drives via Vista is an opportunity for SSDs to go beyond their widely accepted minor role and play a more prominent part in daily computing. As one half dedicated storage in hybrid drives, even if only for caching scraps of data, the storage capacity of SSD drives has been expanded so that it cannot be missed. Even Tom, Dick and Harry will be interested to know just what this 16 GB chunk of flash drive is up to – What is it? What does it do? How can it do that?

Once these questions are answered, the public is not only more educated about SSDs, the superior points of SSDs have also been inevitably unveiled – all thanks to the arrival of these dichotomous drives.

What is it? SSDs have been around and available for almost twenty years. Several industries rely on them as storage drives because they are faster, more reliable, and rugged. SSDs can read and write data in microseconds, and that's 1000 times faster than 1 millisecond! The chances of these drives failing or storing corrupted data are kept to a minimum. SSDs can withstand extreme weather conditions. The absence of moving parts also eliminates noise, heat, and weight compared to HDDs. Some of today's most popular electronic devices, as mentioned earlier, use SSDs.

Hybrid drives plan to use flash-based SSDs to store immediate data for quicker processing. What are they for? When used in hybrid drives, SSDs act as temporary storage for write data, significant read data, frequently accessed applications and files, and any disk sector that requires quick retrieval. Because all needed data is easily accessible in the cache, much of the user's waiting time either for storing and executing files is removed. How does it do that?

The idea is to fill up the flash disk so that the HDD is at rest. It is only when the flash disk is fully loaded that the HDD wakes up and spins so that the data from the flash disk can be transferred and stored in its cavities. This simple mechanism makes a myriad of advantages possible for computer users, especially for notebook carriers.

Hybrid drives promise to impress users with operational upgrades, but do not expect any of the sparks to shoot off the HDD compartment. The real showstopper in this invention is the flash memory chips. Bear in mind that the specifications of HDDs in hybrid drives have not exceeded the market standards: a speed not exceeding the 5400-15,000 RPM range, and storage capacity within the boundaries of 200-500 GB. Suffice to say that in reference to HDDs, there is nothing new to discuss.

Whatever improvement hybrid drives guarantee - including but not limited to - shortening boot up and shut down times, prolonging battery life (for notebooks), reducing energy consumption and overheating, speeding up overall performance, and getting rid of noise and the extra weight – in all of these an'd more, the credit goes to SSDs.

After Vista's release, the notion that SSD drives only come in bite sizes can be broken. Thanks to hybrid drives, SSDs now have one leg in the storage mainstream market. These duplex drives may very well dominate the scene once Microsoft piles them on the racks. However, their reign may not last for long. Future iterations of BiTMICRO SSD products target high capacity at low cost – the very criteria that put hybrid drives on the lead. Without these plus factors, the saga is over.

With Vista giving users the option of using hybrid drives, no one can deny that a slice of the SSD experience has also been tossed to the eager consumer market, and a door has been opened to SSDs where their other leg is just waiting to step in. The idea of an SSD as a storage option even for your typical desktop/notebook user has been sneaked in along with Vista, and only time will tell when this dream will be realized. It is true what they say: There is no way to go but up and further, to the next big and better thing. It is just a matter of time before SSD drives become just like another piece of furniture.

The Printer Cartridge Wars Generic Or Remanufactured Cartridges Right For You

Writen by David Amerman

Overview

As "generic", "remanufactured", and "new compatible" inkjet printer cartridges and laser toner cartridges creep deeper into the printer accessories market, the choices become varied and often confusing. It is estimated that by the year 2004 the aftermarket share of the inkjet and toner cartridge market will exceed 11% of the estimated 12 billion dollar printer accessory market [source: CART magazine, March 2001] Here's a look at what all these terms mean, and an examination of the upside and downside of using non-"brand name" printer cartridge products in your printer.

Terminology

First, let's examine the terminology. When shopping online for a new inkjet or toner cartridge for your printer, you'll likely encounter these terms:

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or brand name products

A "brand name" inkjet or toner cartridge is just that - it's a printer cartridge that carries the brand name of the manufacturer on it, usually the same as the printer manufacturer, for example, Epson, Canon, Hewlett Packard, etc.

New compatible, off-brand or generic products

A "new compatible", "off-brand" or "generic" inkjet or toner cartridge is manufactured by a company other than the original printer manufacturer. There are a large number of these "new compatible" manufacturers, and it's quite true that the quality of their product can vary (more on that a bit later). In the case of inkjet cartridges, "generic" cartridges are completely new. In the case of toner cartridges, to qualify as "new compatible" the toner drum must be replaced with a brand new drum, as well as all major parts serviced and replaced as needed.

Remanufactured products

A "remanufactured" inkjet or toner cartridge, by definition, is a cartridge which has been serviced, cleaned, refilled with toner or ink and possibly had a few component parts repaired or replaced. In many cases, remanufactured toner cartridges do not have new drums; they instead refurbish the original drum and send it out for another cycle.

An Important Note About Toner Cartridges

The relatively unknown truth is that almost all laser toner cartridges, including most of the original brand name "new" cartridges, have been remanufactured to some extent. The defining point is to what degree they have had component parts repaired and/or replaced. For example: check the box for a brand new Hewlett Packard Laser Jet 4000/27X. Brand new, right? Well, it is. But check the fine print, which says: This newly manufactured product may contain parts and materials recovered from the HP planet partners recycling program. This means that the product, while "new", is possibly not completely new; it's quite probable that components of this cartridge have been used before, and have been recycled.

Quality vs. Cost

It's a fact: the cost of brand name inkjet and toner cartridges can be exceedingly high in comparison to generic or remanufactured inkjet or toner cartridges. In many cases, new compatible inkjet cartridges can be as much as 70% less than the cost of brand name cartridges. New compatible or remanufactured toner cartridges on the whole tend to be as much as 50% less in cost than their brand name counterparts. For example, an Epson T013201 black inkjer cartridge, used for various Epson Stylus printers, sells for $17.09 direct from Epson. The same cartridge, compatible, at an online retailer, Abacus24-7 (http://www.abacus24-7.com), sells for $4.95. The difference....70% in savings.(Prices as of August 2005)

What's the catch?

Well, there really isn't one, if you find a quality off-brand product you can purchase from an online merchant you can trust, one who stands by their product in those rare cases that generic or remanufactured products don't perform as well as you expect. Brand name cartridges cost much more than generics primarily because of the marketing and advertising budgets most OEM manufacturers spend in promoting their products; a cost most smaller manufacturers don't have. And then there's the issue of your printer warranty - we'll discuss that issue a little bit later.

Inkjet Cartridges: Performance

Generic or new compatible inkjet cartridges are in general highly reliable and perform as well as, or nearly as well as, brand name cartridges. Latest technologies and adherence to ISO 9001 codes (internationally recognized standards for quality assurance) by most producers of generic cartridges has increased the overall reliability of these aftermarket products in relation to your typical brand cartridges. In particular, Epson and Canon new compatibles are highly reliable, as the technology required to duplicate the performance of their cartridges is minimal (with the exception of the very latest Epson cartridges with the "computer chip"). In terms of print life (how many pages they print) generics stack up pretty well - usually within plus or minus 5% of the life of your typical brand name cartridge.

High quality photographic printing is the one area where generic cartridges are occasionally suspect. The quality of the inks used by the manufacturer play a significant role here - lower grade ink which doesn't have the same density or brilliance and consistency of color can produce inferior results in the most high-demand cases. Although most manufacturers of generics have moved away from inferior inks, we recommend you ask your online merchant about the quality of the inks used by their supplier, if you are doing this kind of high-quality photographic printing. In particular, the inks should be made in the U.S.A.. With good ink your results should be just fine.

Remanufactured Inkjet cartridges are another subject. Primarily you will only find remanufactured Inkjet cartridges for Hewlett Packard, Lexmark and Dell, as these companies have meticulously patented (and subsequently filed suit against anyone who tried to duplicate) their inkjet cartridge designs. There are no true "generics" for HP or Dell inkjet printers.

Remanufactured cartridges are a huge cost value over new cartridges - usually over 50% less - and for every day printing work just fine. The failure rate of remanufactured cartridges is slightly higher than new product, however, and so it's important your online merchant guarantees their product to cover the occasional return. For typical printing, remanufactured inkjet cartridges can be the right choice over new ones. Lately, Dell computers and printers are increasing in popularity. Dell's popular models include the Color 720, and All-in-One a920, a940, and a960 models. Direct from Dell, one can buy an OEM cartridge, for example the color cartridge (X0504) for the Dell a940 printer for $34.99 from www.dell.com. The same cartridge, yet remanufactured, sells online for $23.95 at Abacus24-7 (http://www.abacus24-7.com).(Prices as of August 2005)

Laser Toner Cartridges: Performance

As with generic or new compatible inkjet cartridges, new compatible toner cartridges are for the most part highly reliable and provide a noticeable cost savings over brand new toner cartridges. Again, ISO 9001 standards have greatly increased the consistency and reliability of the aftermarket toner product in recent years. Further, many new compatible toner manufacturers increase the volume of toner in the cartridge, providing for a longer print life. Quality new compatible cartridges will have new or replaced mag sleeves, wiper blades, and magnet tips.

Remanufactured toner cartridges in general have a less stringent set of criteria applied to them, and as mentioned before may not contain a new toner drum. Be sure to ask your supplier. It is our humble recommendation that you go with toner cartridges that have a new aftermarket drum, as opposed to a refurbished or recycled drum. Lastly, ask if the new drum is "high density". You want that.

Color laser new compatible toner cartridges are just coming to market, and although early feedback seems to indicate a positive outlook, an evaluation of these cartridges is premature at this time.

Good for the Country, Good for the Environment

If you care about recycling or the good of the Country's economy, consider these facts:

- 99% of new compatible toner cartridges are manufactured in the USA; most "OEM" brand cartridges are manufactured overseas

- Nearly 40,000 tons of plastic are saved from our nation's landfills each year, by remanufacture of inkjet and toner cartridges

- It takes on average 2 quarts of oil to manufacture a Brand New Toner cartridge but less than half of that amount to manufacture a new compatible toner cartridge

Your Printer Warranty and You

A legitimate concern of many people is whether using generic or remanufactured cartridges in their printer voids the printer's warranty. The answer is no. The following is a partial quote of the text of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Improvement Act, which deals with this exact question:

MAGNUSON-MOSS WARRANTY IMPROVEMENT ACT

United States Code Annotated

Title 15 Commerce and Trade

Chapter 50 Consumer Product Warranties

15 Section 2032

... (c) No warrantor of a consumer product may condition his written or implied warranty of such product on the consumer's using, in connection with such product, any article or service (other than article or service provided without charge under the terms of the warranty) which is identified by brand, trade or corporate name; except that the prohibition of this subsection be waived by the commission if:

1) The warrantor satisfies the Commission that the warranted product will function properly only if the article or service so identified is used in connection with the warranted product, and

2) the Commission finds that such a waiver is in the public interest.

In English, this means that no warranty may be voided by use of aftermarket products unless the manufacturer acquires a waiver that clearly shows such voidance would be in the public interest, or that their product will only function properly if the specified manufacturer parts are used.

There is one catch, however: the manufacturer (in this case your printer manufacturer) is not compelled to repair their product under warranty if damage done to the product occurred as a direct result of using aftermarket parts. In other words, using generic cartridges is fine, and if your printer ever fails under conditions which have nothing to do with the cartridge you are using, no problem. However, if the damage is directly caused (however unlikely) by the use of a generic cartridge, the warrantor may elect not to repair it, although the warranty would remain in effect for all other warranty issues.

Conclusion

In general, aftermarket generic and new compatible or remanufactured printer cartridge products are an excellent way to cut significant costs from your every day small business or personal printing expense, while maintaining quality printing results. Those who need extremely high quality printing (such as photographers and artists) can, with a little trial-and-error testing of different generic cartridge products, find a product which provides the quality results you need.

In all cases, be sure to buy your cartridges from an online supplier who 100% guarantees their product without question, and isn't afraid to answer your questions when it comes to the quality and reliability of their products.

Written by David Amerman also published by About.com

Best Refurbished Laptops

Writen by Max Bellamy

In terms of value, the difference between a new laptop computer and a refurbished one could be many hundred dollars. In this world of rising prices, refurbished laptops have become totally acceptable because people have started to see the huge savings in buying a used laptop. It is to be noted that refurbished laptops come at almost 60% off the original retail price of a new laptop.

Students and professionals now need to stay mobile and should ideally possess a laptop and keep it as current as possible. With the availability of refurbished laptops, this needn?t be an expensive affair. They provide freedom from wires, and the ability to do almost anything, anywhere without the high price of a new laptop.

The best refurbished laptops are laptops that possess a fast processor, newer versions of the Windows operating system and the most up to date technology. When buying a refurbished laptop from the original manufacturer or his representative, arguably you are getting the best mobile computer in the world. You are ensured fast speed, very high system memory, efficient DVD and CD-ROM drives - all at a cheap price. Since coming from the best brands in the industry, best refurbished laptops are tested and re-tested before they reach the market and so there is little need to worry about quality. Each laptop is also cleaned and comes with a warranty; sometimes the warranty includes the battery and sometimes it does not, depending on the seller and condition/brand of the laptop.

Best refurbished laptops are of the same quality and reliability as brand new ones. By going in for a refurbished laptop, you'll be able to afford a more powerful type and that too at a much cheaper price than the brand new one with lower specifications. Apart from that, the warranties and the after-sales customer service would be the same as that of a new laptop, too!

Refurbished Laptops provides detailed information on Refurbished Laptops, Cheap Refurbished Laptops, Dell Refurbished Laptops, IBM Refurbished Laptops and more. Refurbished Laptops is affiliated with Used Cheap Laptops.

A Rugged Computer Guide Selecting The Right Rugged Pc

Writen by Conrad Blickenstorfer

When it comes to a rugged PC, one size does not fit all. You need to figure out what the device needs to be protected against and then seek one that provides that protection. Keep in mind that a rugged PC means extra cost and extra weight. It makes no sense to go for maximum protection with the corresponding high cost when a less extreme design will do.

Having said that, here are some factors to consider:

Indoor/outdoor: Will the rugged PC be used outdoors or mainly indoors? Ruggedness requirements for computers used indoors are almost always less than those used outdoors.

Temperature: What temperature ranges will the device encounter? A handheld like the Symbol PPT2700 has an operating range of -4 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit. That covers just about everything from a cold winter night in North Dakota to high noon in Death Valley. A Hitachi ePlate 630ETR, on the other hand, has a narrower 41 to 104 degree operating range. Only you know if that is enough or not.

Impact: What's the likelihood that the device will be dropped? From what height? And onto what kind of surface? And will those be freak occurrences or something that might happen on a daily basis?

Vibration: We don't usually think of vibration as a problem for electronic equipment, but constant exposure can damage circuits and severe connections.

Water resistance: If you use your device outdoors, will it encounter just a few drops every now and then? Will it be operated in rainstorms? Could it be totally submerged in water?

Humidity: Again, not something we usually give much thought to. But constant high humidity may wreak havoc with sensitive circuits unless they are properly protected.

Altitude: Will the device be operated in an airplane? A submarine? In high altitudes?

Sand and dust: Remember the last trip to the beach? Sand accumulates everywhere. If your computer will be exposed to sand and dust it better be protected against them.

These are just some environmental variables a rugged PC computer may need protection against. Others include temperature shock, fungus, safe operation in explosive atmospheres, sudden acceleration, salt fog, gunfire, icing, and more.

Many of the answers are obvious once you think through the potential scenarios and apply some common sense. Now you're ready to look for the proper equipment for the job. And that means you have to familiarize yourself with some of the ruggedness lingo. In the United States, you will most often encounter references to MIL-STD-810, IP ratings, and NEMA protection ratings.

MIL-STD-810 goes back to December of 1961 and described "Environmental Test Methods for Aerospace and Ground Equipment." It was initially published as a svelte 66-page U.S. Air Force document. Over the past 40 years, six revisions were written and the latest, 810F, has grown into a 540 page document. The MIL-STD, as is, provides a large number of tests and testing methods to determine the effect of natural and artificial impact on equipment. Interpreting what it all means may require a good deal of research. Product spec sheets often state something like "designed using MIL-STD-810 test procedures." Since there are hundreds of them and they test different degrees of protection, the mere reference to MIL-STD-810 provides very little information. Find out which tests were performed, whether test reports are available, and whether the tests were done inhouse or by an independent testing lab. This is not to say that inhouse testing is suspect. I've seen the "torture chambers" of several of the major vertical market hardware manufacturers and came away impressed. Most of them perform tests inhouse, then, when satisfied that a product will pass independent muster, it is sent away to an outside lab.

In an effort to avoid the complexity and vagueness of MIL-STD references, some manufacturers provide IP (Ingress Protection) ratings for their equipment. IP ratings consist of a single number, such as IP44, and classify the degree of protection provided for electrical equipment by enclosures. The first number indicates, on a scale from 0 to 6, the protection against solid objects penetrating the housing. The second number gives, on a scale from 0 to 8, protection against penetration by liquids. For both numbers, a 0 means no protection and the highest number maximum protection. A rugged PC may, for example, have an IP54 rating. The "5" means that the device offers complete protection against contact with live and moving parts and also offers protection from dust deposits. The "4" indicates protection against splashing from any direction.

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) provides yet another classification system. NEMA 250 describes a variety of different enclosures and how they hold up against different environmental impact.

I hope this will get you started in determining the ruggedness requirements for your rugged PC. It probably also gives you an idea of how difficult it is to weigh ruggedness against other important factors, such as size, weight, performance and price. Even the laws of physics come into play: it is easier to protect a small, light device than a large, heavy one. Smaller screens are less likely to break, and solid state storage is inherently less prone to failure than rotating media. A display with a thick protection shield in front of it may be difficult to read, and a completely sealed keyboard hard to type on. Finally, use your judgment. I've seen supposedly rugged machinery that didn't look like it would live up to the task and some plain vanilla consumer products that felt bulletproof.

Rugged computers are a bit like off-road vehicles where the spectrum ranges from fun "lifestyle" models such as the Honda CR-V all the way to the mighty Hummer. Only you can decide which rugged PC is right for you.

About the Author:

Conrad Blickenstorfer, Ph.D. is the editor-in-chief of Rugged PC Review and Pen Computing Magazine. He is also Publications Director of Digital Camera Magazine. For more information about Rugged PCs, please visit RuggedPCReview.com

Copyright 2006 All rights reserved

(NOTE: Content article shown above may be linked and circulated freely on websites, as long as ALL article content, links, author and copyright information remain UNCHANGED in any way whatsoever.)

Knowing Your Computer Types Of Memory

Writen by Michael Russell

All computers require memory to operate. The main computer memory is Random Access Memory, or RAM for short. It is called this because the data contained in it can be accessed in any, or random, order. It is produced on small circuit boards in the form of sticks, which are often referred to as sticks of memory. Information is stored in the memory as it awaits being processed by the central processing unit, or CPU. It is essential to have the right type and speed of memory to ensure your system is operating optimally.

The main type of memory used today in desktop computer systems is Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM). With in the past several years, Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM, or simply DDR) has become the standard for most systems, with older memory now being referred to as Single Data Rate (SDR SDRAM). Occasionally, systems use Rambus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM) or DDR2 RAM, which are slightly different and are outside of the scope of this article.

SDRAM is different from other forms of asynchronous memory because it waits for each clock, or computing cycle, before it responds to inputs. These clocks happen very fast in computers (millions of times a second) but still the speed of the memory is ultimately limited by the computer bus. This is the wiring on the main- or motherboard in the system that connects all the components. The processor and memory can both handle high clock speeds, but if the speed of the system bus is low, they will be limited by the lowest speed. It is important that they all operate at similar speeds to operate most efficiently. For example, SDR SDRAM comes in PC66, PC100 and PC133; these numbers refer to the clock speed of the RAM in megahertz (a million cycles a second): 66 MHz, 100 MHz and so forth. If the system bus speed is rated at 100 MHz and the memory at 66 MHz, then the memory isn't operating as quickly as it could and PC100 memory should be purchased. Of course, if PC133 were purchased for this same system, the extra 33 MHz would simply be wasted because the system bus can only handle 100 MHz.

Double Data Rate (DDR) memory is very similar to traditional SDRAM except it transfers data twice during each clock cycle. This doubles the transfer rate of the memory while the system bus stays the same. So a 100 MHz system bus that handles DDR memory can effectively use 200 MHz RAM. DDR comes in many speeds, each with two designations. On the box or somewhere in the specifications, the memory will be referred to as DDR-xxx, where the xxx is replaced by the effective clock speed of the memory, such as 200 as in the previous example. It will also list a PC-xxxx number, where xxxx represents the bandwidth of the entire stick of memory. This is not particularly important to understand for novices. The most common are: DDR-200/PC-1600, which operates at a clock speed of 100 MHz (effectively 200 MHz), DDR-266/PC-2100, which operates at 133 MHz (effectively 266 MHz), DDR-333/PC-2700, operating at 166 MHz (333 MHz) and DDR-400/PC-3200, which operates at 200 MHz (400 MHz).

It is very important to know which type (SDR or DDR SDRAM) and speed of memory your system uses and to always purchase this type when upgrading or replacing your memory. You can usually find this information in the manual or contact the manufacturer.

Michael Russell Your Independent guide to Computer Memory

Dell Inspiron 600m Notebook Computer

Writen by Matthew Keegan

After twelve years of owning desktop computers, I finally opted for a laptop so I would no longer be chained to my desk. After months of research and weighing various makes and models, I settled on the Dell Inspiron 600m Notebook Computer. This particular model has exceeded all of my expectations and at a price that is hundreds of dollars lower than many competing brands.

For several months I agonized over my next computer purchase. I knew I needed to be more mobile and only a notebook computer would permit me to take my "show on the road." Still, the decision making process was not easy as the number of different makes and models out there is mind boggling. Ultimately, I settled on a Dell in part because of previous good experience with the company as well as affordability of their product line.

The model I chose was the Inspiron 600m. As with almost everything that Dell builds, it is a "new" model; at least the 600m designation is. That is one of the confusing things about Dell and some other manufacturers: every month Dell introduces new models and you need a scorecard to compare one model with all the others. Fortunately, Dell's website allows you to do just that.

Key features of the Inspiron 600m include:

Lightweight: Just over five pounds.

Mobile Centrino Technology is standard.

14.1 inch screen

Pentium M 725 Processor

24X CD Burner/DVD Combo Drive

256MB DDR SDRAM 1 Dimm Memory

Wireless Network Card

Extended Battery

Microsoft Windows XP Home Addition

WordPerfect Productivity Pack

I kept my computer fairly basic but I did opt for the latest version of Norton Security, a surge protected cable, a wirless router, and a wireless mouse. I selected the wireless mouse as I thought the keyboard's mouse would be difficult to use. After two days I quit using the wireless mouse as I quickly got used to the built in one.

The screen is bright and the keyboard is solid. The mouse keys, however are noisy, almost clunky; you wonder if Dell could have used a quieter spring for each key.

The battery lasts at least four hours without recharging and when I do need to recharge I can go from nearly dead to fully charged in less than one hour.

For the price -- I paid just over $1100. for everything including shipping and local taxes -- the Dell cannot be beat. I haven't had to call customer service yet, so I cannot comment on that although in years past your call would be routed to a technician in India. This model comes with a standard one year limited warranty; I avoided a later sales pitch over the phone to get a three year warranty. Their top of the line warranty sends a technician to your house to fix your computer, so it can be option for those of you who do not want to ship -- and thereby lose the use of -- your computer back to Dell for repairs.

You will find the Inspiron 600m to be adequate for standard business work. Check out their myriad of other models if you do plenty of graphic design or if you need a larger screen. I am happy with the 14.1 screen, but you may prefer their 17" model.

Matt Keegan is The Article Writer who writes on a variety of topics including: aviation, business, customer service, health, marketing, product review, sales, technology, and more. Please visit http://www.thearticlewriter.com to review his portfolio online.

How To Properly Recondition Your Xerox 13r546 Drum Cartridge In Less Than 60 Minutes

Writen by Joseph Mercado

The Xerox 13R546 laser drum cartridges are relatively easy to recondition. Similar in many ways to the 5318 style cartridges, which preceded them.

It is a simple matter of disassembly, a thorough cleaning, inspection of the Drum and Cleaning Blade, and repair of the Connector.

The Connector is key to resetting the status code (J7) calling for a new Copy Cartridge. Spare parts for these cartridges have been slow coming to the market.

Fortunately the Drums are capable of running 100,000 copies. There are two types of cartridges between which the only difference is the connector's "type".

The XC23-33 uses a 13R546 cartridge which is set up to run 30,000 copies while the XDL23-33 use a 13R555 which is set up to run 50,000 copies.

The connectors are not interchangeable although the cartridges are identical in all other respects.

Step-by-Step "How-to-Recondition Your Xerox 13R546" Instructions:

This drum cartridge is compatible with Xerox copier model numbers:

•XC23
•XC23-A
•XC23-AS
•XC33-AS
•XC33-D

Specifications on the Xerox 13R546 Drum Cartridge

•Model Number – 13R546
•Manufacturer – Xerox
•Type – Brand New
•Color – Black
•Description – 1 cartridge per box
•Page Yield – Approximately 30,000 pages

These cartridges are relatively easy to recondition. Similar in many ways to the 5318 style cartridges, which preceded them.

It is a simple matter of disassembly, a thorough cleaning, inspection of the Drum and Cleaning Blade, and repair of the Connector.

The Connector is key to resetting the status code (J7) calling for a new Copy Cartridge. Spare parts for these cartridges have been slow coming to the market.

Fortunately the Drums are capable of running 100,000 copies. There are two types of cartridges between which the only difference is the connector's "type".

The XC23-33 uses a 13R546 cartridge which is set up to run 30,000 copies while the XDL23-33 use a 13R555 which is set up to run 50,000 copies.

The connectors are not interchangeable although the cartridges are identical in all other respects.

SECTION 1

Tools:

•Flat-Head Screwdriver (small)
•Phillips-Head Screwdriver
•Technician Vacuum Cleaner with a toner rated filter

Supplies:

•Starter Powder (dusting pouch)
•Yellow Dust Cloths
•Swab with Isopropyl Alcohol (or a Corona Cleaning Pen)
•White Polishing Sponge (optional)
•Drum-Coat Polish (optional)

Replacement components which you may need to do.

•Repaired Connector (necessary)
•Cleaning Blade

SECTION 2

PROCEDURE

1.First check the drum for flaws (turns counter-clockwise if you're looking at the rear end):

•Look for scuffmarks, or scratches. Also see if the Cleaning Blade is leaving any streaks on the drum. Fingerprints and some minor scuff may come off when you polish the drum later.

2.Remove the guide rail over the drum (2 screws):

•Also, don't forget to remove the Charge Scorotron (1 screw on the rear).

3.Remove the front-end cap (2 screws):

•Gently extract and remove the bushing from the drum along with the waste toner tube (leave the auger spring in place).

4.Remove the Connector from the rear of the cartridge (2 screws):

•Remove the rear plate (3 screws & 1 E-Clip). Remove the metal contact located above the large white gear taking note of how it'll go back on (it is loose once the rear plate is removed) Slide the rear drum collar off the drum's shaft and remove the drum. Note that it's normal for the large white gear, which is on the end of the spring auger to feel loose once the rear plate is off.

5.Empty the reclaim toner, which is inside the drum:

•Inspect the drum & put it in a safe place away from direct light.

6.Remove the metal top cover:

•Also, the plastic cover beneath it (2 screws). The Cleaning Blade can then be lifted out. Clean everything well. Pay special attention to the toner brush located behind the Cleaning Blade.

•Clean the corona wire with isopropyl alcohol on a swab or a Corona Cleaning Pen. Take care not to damage the thin Mylar Recovery Blade & the Scorotron Grid or its contacts.

•Inspect the blade for any imperfections. Replace the blade if necessary (if you do, use plenty of starting powder).

•If there are any minor scuffs or fingerprints on the drum, you may want to polish it with Drum Coat (use sparingly) using a clean white sponge... be sure to remove any excess polish haze after letting the drum dry for a minute or two.

•Any polish left on the drum will increase the # of copies you need to run to "break in" the drum again (you'll get light copies for between 20 & 50 copies after a good polishing).

7.Reassemble the cartridge:

•Return the drum carefully to its cradle; slide the rear collar back into place. When re-installing the rear plate, note that there is one Machine screw, which goes on the right above the white gear; the other two screws are plastic tapping screws.

Once it's all together, turn the drum (counter clockwise when looking at the rear of the cartridge) to see that all is well.

8.Send the connector in for repair:

•Once you get the repaired connector... the cartridge will run another full cycle.

Here are some codes you may come across and will need to know the codes.

Status Codes: Press '0' to see the sub code

A Codes:
A Codes Document Feed Problems

C Codes:
C Codes Paper Feed or Pre-registration Jam Problems

E Codes:
E Codes Post-registration / Exit Jams & Duplex Problems

F Codes:
F Codes Sorter Jam or Interlock Problems

H Codes:
H Codes HCF (High Capacity Feeder) or ADF Problems

J Codes:
J1 Code Toner Empty
J3 Code Copy Cartridge not installed (or not seated properly)
J7 Code Copy Ctg. count expired (replace the connector)
J8 Codes Improper Copy Cartridge (or not seated properly)

L Codes:
L6 Code Key Counter not installed
L8 Code Platen Temperature too high
L9 Code Communication error with Inter-Image Lamp PWB

U Codes:
U1-1 Code Xerographic Motor Problem
U2 Codes Scanner Drive Problems
U3-1 Code Lens Drive Problem
U4-1 Code Fuser Thermistor Open
U4-2 Code Fuser took too long to warm up
U4-3 Code Fuser stays on after reaching operating temperature
U4-4 Code Fuser stays on too long after copy cycle
U4-6 Code Fuser Over-temperature
U5 Codes Sorter Bin Drive Problem
U6 Codes Memory Problems / Main Board Problems
U8 Codes Exposure Problems

Diagnostics: Hold the '0' while turning on the power to enter diagnostics. To enter a code, enter the 1st part of code, followed by 'Print', then the 2nd part of code & then 'Print' again.

Fuser Overheat Reset: (50-20): First make sure that you have repaired the cause of the overheat. Enter the diagnostic code 50-20 as explained above, then press '0' followed by 'Print'.

NOTE: Watch to make sure the lamp cycles off the way it should once the machine comes to being ready.

Read Total Copy Count: (30-50)

Read Copy Cartridge Life Remaining: (30-91)

This information is for your records and should be read atleast 4 times before making an attempt to configure your drum cartridge. This is to ensure comprehension.

In description of, Joseph Mercado is known as the Motivational Marketer. He specializes in the consumable market involving studies on marketing drum cartridges.

http://www.InkSecretsRevealed.com

Review Of Logitech Computer Speakers

Writen by Bradley James

When it comes to computer speaker systems, you have a lot of choice. However, there are simply some brands that stand way out in terms of sound quality and dependability, and one of those brands is certainly Logitech. Logitech computer speakers are some of the best on the market, and provide a great deal of clean, powerful sound for a very reasonable price. Logitech offers a variety of computer speaker systems, for relatively inexpensive 2.1 2-speaker systems to the power 5.1 and 6.1 gaming computer systems with multiple surround-sound speakers. Whatever you are looking for in computer speakers, it is likely that Logitech has it.

Logitech x-230 2.1 2-Piece Dual Drive Computer Speakers

Manufacturers Description: Crank up the audio on your PC with this 2.1-channel computer speaker system and enjoy clean, crisp, consistent sound from your games, music, and more. The Logitech X-230's high-tech subwoofer adjusts itself dynamically to deliver distortion-free bass, while the two wall-mountable satellite speakers use Logitech's patented FDD2 technology to eliminate the uneven sound response created by conventional dual-driver designs. The result: a clear, uniform sound field without the "hot spots" and inconsistency of other dual-driver satellites.

Features:

-32 watts total power (6 watts x 2, plus 20-watt subwoofer)

-Frequency Directed Dual Driver (FDD2) satellite technology produces a uniform sound field for full, rich sound

-Dynamic, real-time bass equalization maximizes bass response while minimizing distortion

-Ported subwoofer design displaces more air for deeper bass

-Headphone jack enables private listening

-Master volume and subwoofer level controls placed for quick, convenient access

-Satellite speaker stands rotate for easy wall-mounting

Price: $50

Value Rating: 9.5 / 10 - This computer speaker system sounds better than some speakers that are $100+ with at least 50 watts of power. It has great crisp sound at nearly all volumes and the bass is surprisingly powerful. Be aware that the subwoofer is not magnetically shielded, and should be kept away from your monitor.

Logitech X-530 5.1 5-Piece Computer Speaker System

Manufacturers Description: Plug the Logitech X-530 into your computer, music player, DVD player, or even PlayStation2 or Xbox game console and immerse yourself in clean, crisp, consistent surround sound from your games, movies, and more. The high-tech subwoofer adjusts itself dynamically to deliver distortion-free bass, while the five wall-mountable satellite speakers use Logitech's patented FDD2 technology to eliminate the uneven sound response created by conventional dual-driver designs. The result: a clear, uniform sound field without the "hot spots" and inconsistency of other dual-driver satellites.

Features:

-70 watts total system power (7.4 watts x 4, plus 15.5-watt center speaker and 25-watt subwoofer)

-Frequency Directed Dual Driver (FDD2) satellite technology produces a uniform sound field for full, rich sound

-Matching front and rear satellites deliver balanced surround sound

-Dedicated center channel makes dialogue clear and intelligible.

-Dynamic, real-time bass equalization maximizes bass response while minimizing distortion

-Ported subwoofer design displaces more air for deeper bass

-Headphone jack enables private listening

-Master volume and subwoofer level controls placed for quick, convenient access

-Satellite speaker stands rotate for easy wall mounting

Price: $60

Value Rating: 9.0 / 10 - A great step up from the X-230. It has the same great sound, with extra bass and a little more all-around power. The extra speakers are great for a surround sound setting. Only downside is that some games are not compatible with the this 5.1 system. Worth the extra $10 for most people.

Logitech X620 6.1 Computer Speakers

Manufacturers Description: More speakers means more sound, more detail, and more intensity. That's what the Logitech X-620 6.1-channel speaker system is all about. Thanks to its 6 satellites, including a dedicated rear center speaker, you can hook it up to your PC or video game console and enjoy your games, music, and movies with sound that truly surrounds you.

Are you looking for powerful bass? Crisp highs and mid-range? The X-620 delivers. Its patented, powerful pressure-driver subwoofer provides twice the bass of conventional designs for smooth, powerful lows, and the satellite speakers provide rich midrange and crisp high-end tones. Even if you don't have a 6.1 sound card, you can still enjoy the benefits of all seven speakers by using the source selector switch.

Got a Sony PlayStation2, Microsoft Xbox, or Nintendo GameCube? Just plug in the X-620 using the convenient video game console adapter and immerse yourself in the explosions, music, and dialogue of your favorite games.

Comes with 6 satellite speakers and a powered 8-inch subwoofer; 70 watts total system power (140 watts peak).

Price: $85

Value Rating: 9.0 / 10 - Another hit from Logitech. This one is much like more expensive home theater systems. Truely one of the best speaker systems in the growing 6.1 class. An important note: prepare to buy a pricey Sound Blaster 6.1 Audigy sound card in order to take full advantage of this speaker system.

Logitech Z-5300e 5.1 2-Piece Surround Sound PC and Gaming Speaker System

Manufacturers Description: Demanding gamers require high power, THX performance, and true surround sound. The Logitech Z-5300e delivers on all counts, with a sleek appearance featuring silver speaker accents and removable black cloth grilles. The system includes a patented dual chamber subwoofer that pounds out twice the bass of conventional designs to deliver deep, loud, and powerful bass. The Z-5300e also features polished aluminum phase-plug satellite drivers that project superb high-end and rich mid-range tones for balanced sound, along with a full-featured SoundTouch wired remote that provides convenient controls for quick adjustments. The satellite speakers' rotating pedestals allow for easy installation on the wall or desktop.

Features:

-280 watts system power (35.25 watts x 4, plus 39-watt center and 100-watt subwoofer)

-PlayStation2, Xbox, and GameCube owners can plug in the Z-5300e using a console adapter

-Silver speaker accents and removable black cloth grilles

-Conveniently control volume and power with the wired remote, which also features a headphone jack

-Enjoy twice the bass of conventional designs with patented subwoofer design

-Satellites fit on a shelf or mounted on the wall

-Use Matrix mode and source selector switch to create breathtaking 5.1 surround sound from stereo, 4-channel, or 5.1 sound sources

Price: $150

Value Rating: 8.0 / 10 - This system is almost too much for your average computer user - but it's great for gamers who demand perfection in their sound system. Even though it will work with game consoles, remember that it is a computer speaker system, and works best with a pc.

Bradley James is a senior editor at SciNet.cc, a website containing many helpful consumer electronics review articles. For more information on Logitech computer products, please visit our Logitech speakers webpage.

Laser Printers

Writen by Kevin Stith

The 'Model 3800' by IBM was the first laser printer, introduced in 1975. Very soon, the 'ND 2 by Siemens and the '9700' by Xerox also came out. The technology of laser printers was revolutionized by the introduction of the LaserJet in 1984, by HP. After that, the prices of laser printers have continued to drop.

A laser printer uses a laser beam to print images of supreme quality. This is done by first producing the image on a photosensitive drum with the help of a laser beam, and then transferring the image onto paper using a usual printing process.

Accuracy, economy and speed are the major advantages of laser printers. This is because the laser can move very fast and print with a better speed than an ink jet. And since a laser travels in a single line, it is more precise, thereby avoiding the spilling of ink. Even though laser printers are more expensive than inkjet printers, their toner is cheaper and long lasting. It is because of this that laser printer is used more often in offices.

Cost can be a disadvantage of laser printers, as they are expensive compared to mechanical printers. The maintenance required by laser printers can be very costly. Also, the quality produced by laser printers is very book-like, and hence they can also be misused.

Before one decides to buy a laser printer, there are a few features that should be kept in mind. These include the speed and printing capability (24 ppm for a workgroup printer), the standard resolution, which is 600 dots-per-inch, the printer languages and the paper handling of the printer. The top brands of laser printer include Hewlett Packard, Lexmark and Xerox.

Laser Printers provides detailed information on Laser Printers, Color Laser Printers, Laser Printer Toners, Laser Printer Reviews and more. Laser Printers is affiliated with Laser Toner Refill .